Translational Health Reports

Abstract Introduction: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common and debilitating condition that significantly impacts quality of life, productivity, and overall well-being. Muscle morphology, particularly in the deep cervical muscles, plays a critical role in the onset, development, and persistence of chronic neck pain. This review investigates the relationship between muscle changes, including atrophy, fat infiltration, and alterations in muscle fiber composition, and their contribution to cervical instability, pain, and functional limitations.

Methods: The review examines existing literature on muscle morphology in CNP, focusing on the role of deep cervical muscles in the pathophysiology of neck pain. It also highlights how factors such as disuse, changes in neural activation, and chronic inflammation exacerbate these muscle alterations. The role of advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI, in identifying these changes is also discussed.

Results: Alterations in muscle morphology, including atrophy and fat infiltration, contribute to weakness and reduced spinal stability, which are key factors in the development and persistence of chronic neck pain. Neural activation changes and chronic inflammation further exacerbate muscle degeneration. Advanced imaging techniques, particularly MRI, play a crucial role in assessing these morphological changes and enabling personalized treatment strategies.

Conclusion: Muscle degeneration, including atrophy and fat infiltration in the cervical spine, is a significant factor in chronic neck pain. Effective management requires a comprehensive approach, including rehabilitation programs focused on muscle strengthening, postural correction, and ergonomic adjustments. Fat infiltration in cervical muscles is a significant marker of structural and functional impairment in cervical spine disorders. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind muscle changes in CNP and to develop more targeted and effective interventions.

Abstract Introduction: The global prevalence of obesity has spurred interest in alternative therapies beyond conventional diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Acupuncture, a staple of Traditional Chinese Medicine, is one such intervention, though its efficacy and mechanisms of action, particularly on fat distribution, warrant further synthesis of existing evidence.



Objective: This review aims to critically appraise and summarize the current literature on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for weight loss, with a special focus on insights provided by MRI and CT scan imaging regarding its impact on visceral and subcutaneous fat distribution.



Methods: A narrative review of scientific literature was conducted. Key databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ISI Web of Science, were searched for relevant clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analyses published up to September 2024. The focus was on human studies involving acupuncture for obesity that reported on weight loss outcomes, safety, and/or imaging data.



Findings: The body of literature suggests that acupuncture may contribute to reductions in body weight and BMI. A notable finding across several studies is the objective evidence provided by medical imaging. MRI scans have demonstrated significant reductions in visceral adipose tissue, with one analysis reporting a 15% decrease in abdominal fat area. Similarly, CT scans have shown a 12% reduction in subcutaneous fat surrounding internal organs following acupuncture treatment. These imaging techniques have also highlighted the potential for incidental tumor detection, though no new tumors were reported in the reviewed studies. The therapy appears to be generally safe, with most adverse effects being mild and transient, such as minor bruising or dryness of mouth.



Conclusion: Current evidence, including objective data from medical imaging, suggests that acupuncture may be a beneficial and safe complementary approach for weight management, particularly through the modulation of fat distribution. However, methodological limitations in many existing studies, such as small sample sizes and lack of blinding, preclude definitive conclusions. More rigorous, large-scale, and long-term studies are recommended to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.